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Declassified and | Senet for Release ho NSA on 03- 31- 2021
pursuant to E.O. 13526; Cover Page and Pages 8-11; MDR 109390

LENIN AND STATE PRIZES:
NOW YOU SEE THEM--NOW

Orders, medals, and prizes play an important
role in the economic and social life of the
Soviet Union. They provide an extra incentive
for people to strive for improvement, by appeal-
ing to their natural desire for recognition and
approval and, in the case of Lenin and State
Prizes!, by rewarding them financially.

In the civilian sector, the most prestigious
of these are the Hero of Socialist Labor,
Order of Lenin, State Prize, and Lenin Prize.
They form the bottom line of official biograph-
ic sketches and obituaries -- the measure of a
person's success as a productive member of

lUnless otherwise stated, references to
State Prizes in this article do not include
the former Stalin Prizes, which were discon-
tinued after 1954 and retroactively redesig-
nated State Prizes. State Prizes awarded by
individual republics of the USSR (as opposed
to national-level USSR State Prizes) have also
been excluded from consideration in this arti-
cle because they are less significant end are
of more recent origin.

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society, and a great source of personal pride.
To students of Soviet affairs, they can be a
measure and source of other things as well.

While all these honors are highly prized by
Soviet citizens, the Lenin and State Prizes
are the most difficult to obtain. The Order
of Lenin and Hero of Socialist Labor may be
awarded for a wide variety of reasons unrelated
to any single achievement (e.g., on the occa-
sion of one's fiftieth birthday and in appre-
ciation of years of consistently outstanding
performance), but the Lenin and State Prizes
are given only for very specific contributions
of national significance, such as the design
and introduction into serics production of a
new type of aircraft. Consequently, recipi-
ents of the Lenin and State Prizes, more than
any other group, may be considered the elite
corps of the "technocrats."

Just what are these prizes? According to
the new (third) edition of the Bol'shaya
Sovetakaya Ehntetklopediya (Large Soviet’ Ency-
clopedia) (BSEh), the Lenin Prize is “one of
the highest forms of rewarding citizens for the
most outstanding achievements in the field of

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science and technology, literature, art and.
architecture. . . Re-established in 19577, . .
30 Lenin Prizes (including 25 in science and
technology and 5 in literature, art, and archi-
tecture) of 10,000 rubles each are awarded once
every 2 years. . . [Announcements of] awards
are published on the anniversary of the birth
of V. I. Lenin. Persons receiving the Lenin
Prize are given the title ‘Lenin Prize Laureate,‘
a certificate, an honorary pin, and an identi-
fication card. The Lenin Prize may not be
awarded more than once to an individual.”

The same edition of BSEh states that "USSR
State Prizes are a form of rewarding citizens
for outstanding achievements in the field of
science and technology, literature, and art. . .
They are awarded for scientific research making
a@ major contribution to the development of the
nation's science; for work creating and intro-
ducing the most progressive materials, machines,
and machinery into the national economy. . . A
USSR State Prize Laureate may be awarded a USSR
State Prize more than once, but not within 5
years of any previous award. Established in
1966. . . as many as 50 awards in the field of
science and technology and as many as 10 for
literature and art are made yearly on the anni-
versary of the Great October Socialist Revolu-
tion. Each prize is 5000 rubles. . . Persons
receiving the USSR State Prize are given the
title "USSR State Prize Laureate,’ a certifi-
cate, and an honorary pin indicating the year
of the award. . ."

A prize may go to an individual, as some-
times happens in the field of pure science,
for the development of basic theories. More
often, however, the prize is shared by a number
of persons throughout the USSR, especially when
the award is for the development and production
of complex and sophisticated equipment. On the
average, prizes are shared by seven or eight
persons. Prizes are announced in Pravda and
Iavestiya, with an indication of the recipient's
name, job title, place of employment, and rea-
son.for the award.

According to published accounts, in the . The following figures help to elucidate the
fields of science and technology since 1970, ,° | R@ture and scope of the problem:
226 people have shared 32 Lenin Prizes, while e In 1970, 49 Lenin Prize Laureates were
1,057 people have shared 126 State Prizes. * elected to the USSR Supreme Soviet.
But according to BSEh, there should have bgen
75 Lenin Prizes, and 250 State Prizes could © The Ukrainian Academy of Sciences was Sg
have been awarded. Where have all the prizes given the Order of Lenin in 1969 and cele- .
gone? . brated the occasion with the publication +

of Akademiya Nauk Ukrainekoj SSR 1969 g. °
(Academy of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR, 1969),
which identified 48 colleagues of the

Academy as Lenin Prize peneeee |

e . e
originally established in 192s, Lenin Prizes
were discontinued after 1934, ,° From 1957 until
1968, Lenin Prizes were awarded yearly.

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e From 1968 to 1972, 12 Lenin and State
Prize Laureates were elected to the
Department of Mechanics and Control Pro-
cesses, USSR Academy of Sciences, which is.
engaged in many projects in the areas of
shipbuilding, aerospace, electronics, and
computer engineering.

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